HISTORY OF CURLING
There is evidence that primitive skis were used in Norway over 5,000 years ago. As early as the 10th century, Vikings used skis for transportation. It wasn’t until the 19th century, however, that ski competitions came into existence, starting in Norway. The Holmenkollen ski festival was started in 1892. At first, the main focus of these nordic festivals was the nordic combined event — cross-country skiing and ski jumping. In 1900, a separate cross-country race was held at the Holmenkollen.
There are two styles of cross-country skiing: classic and freestyle.
In classic races, skiers use the traditional straight-striding technique (called a “diagonal stride”) and do not deviate from distinct parallel tracks. The form required for classic skiing resembles the form used on a typical cross-country exercise machine. From 1924 through 1984, only the classic technique was used in Olympic cross-country competition.
The freestyle technique, which is often referred to as “skating,” has no restrictions. The athletes do not keep their skis within narrow tracks but instead push off with both legs in a motion that resembles skating. Freestyle races, which usually are faster than classic races, have been part of the Olympic program since 1988.
Cross country has been contested at every Winter Olympics since 1924 with events for women added in 1952. From Games to Games distances and skiing techniques have changed but the goal to cover the distance as quickly as possible has not. It is without doubt one of the most demanding of all areobic sports. The Scandinavians and the Soviets have dominated the cross country skiing for much of its history.
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